N.B. The sample issues available may show formatting different to that which is requested here; if in doubt, please follow the instructions on this page. The sample issues show the finished version, not necessarily the one required for the production process

• The original typescript should be submitted electronically in A4 size format, with a word count of 5000-7000 (excluding figures), following the submission requirements described on the Journal's website.
  
• A final paper which would exceed 7000 words or occupy more than 20 pages of the Journal may be returned for abridgement.
  
• The text of the paper should include title, abstract, text, references and notes, tables, figure captions, figures, but not the names of authors, their biographical notes nor any acknowledgements. Please make sure that authors' names are not included in the document/file properties.
  
• For email submissions, you will need a separate file containing the title of the paper, plus the names, affiliation and complete addresses, e-mail and fax number of authors, and an abstract, keywords, brief biographical notes about authors and any acknowledgements; for further details, see the relevant section below.
  
• All papers must be written in UK English. If English is not your irst language, please ask an English-speaking colleague to proofread your paper.
  
• The preferred electronic document format is PDF, although RTF or MS Word are accepted by some journals. (For LaTex, see below). Templates for both A4 size (double column) journals (see list) or 240 mm x 165 mm size (single column) journals, are available to download, should you wish to use one. Templates in both sizes for users of LaTex are also available to download. (If you use LaTex, you must please save your LaTex file as a PDF file, to ensure that those reviewing your manuscript will be able to view it). All templates for download can be found here. Although the templates will allow you to estimate the total number of pages if typed in single line spacing, it is not essential that you use one, since all papers, if accepted, will be correctly formatted for publication by Inderscience Publishers.

• It should not be assumed that the reader is familiar with specific national institutions or corporations. Authors are encouraged to approach their chosen topic with an international perspective.
• Countries and groupings of countries should be referred to by their full title (for example, 'China', 'Europe' and 'America' are all ambiguous).
  
• Special attention should be paid to identifying units of currency by nationality.
  
• Acronyms should be translated in full into English. (See also 'Translated works' below.)

• Title : as short as possible
  
• Abstract: approximately 100 words, maximum 150
  
• Keywords : approximately 10-15 words or phrases. Keywords are important for online searching; please click here for further keyword requirements
  
• Address : position, department, name of institution, full postal address and email address for each author
  
• Biographical notes : approximately 100 words per author, maximum 150.

• Inderscience journals use the Harvard (name and date) short reference system for citations in the text with a detailed alphabetical list at the end of the paper. For example 'Hamel (2000) suggests ...' or 'Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) found that ...' or 'A study of economic change (Nelson and Winter, 1982) has shown that ...'
  
• Footnotes should be avoided, but any short, succinct notes making a specific point, may be placed in number order following the alphabetical list of references.
• References should be made only to works that are published, accepted for publication (not merely 'submitted'), or available through libraries or institutions. Any other source should be qualified by a note regarding availability.
  
• Full reference should include all authors' names and initials, date of publication, title of paper, title of publication (italics), volume and issue number (of a journal), publisher and form (books, conference proceedings), page numbers.
• For examples of how to reference materials, please click here
• Further examples of references may be found in papers from our Samples Journals page.

• All illustrations, whether diagrams or photographs, are referred to as Figures. They should be black and white, not colour, and numbered sequentially. Please place them at the end of the paper, rather than interspersed in text.
  
• Please prepare all figures, especially line diagrams, to the highest possible standards. Bear in mind that lettering may be reduced in size by a factor of 2 or 3, and that fine lines may disappear.

• Difficulty often arises in translating acronyms, so it is best to spell out an acronym in English (for example, IIRP - French personal income tax).
  
• Similarly, labels and suffixes need careful attention where the letters refer to words which have been translated.
  
• The names of mathematical functions may change in translation - check against an English or American mathematical reference text.

• Inderscience journals follow the Système International for units of measurement.
  
• Imperial units will be converted, except where conversion would affect the meaning of a statement, or imply a greater or lesser degree of accuracy.